algransed

The past century has been marked by the rapid growth of cities. The urban lifestyle has taken over all countries and continents. Two-thirds of the world's population now lives in cities. The number of cities is growing steadily and they are getting bigger. If at the beginning of the last century only 12 cities of the world had a population of over a million people, then at the beginning of this century there were 410 of them. More than 20 cities in the world have a population of over 10 million people. This growth dynamics is associated with the rapid development of civilization as a whole.

“City” is a rather capacious concept used to characterize settlements of different appearance and size. The city is a kind of point of socio-economic growth of the territory. It organizes the surrounding space into a single interconnected complex. The industrial and social infrastructure makes the city an independent link in the geographical division of labor, creates an environment for compact residence of the population. A variety of industries are concentrated in big cities, the integration of which makes it possible to effectively solve complex production and scientific and technical problems, to ensure their innovative development. In the Russian Federation, a city is a settlement with a population of over 12 thousand people, the bulk of which (at least 85%) is engaged in non-agricultural labor.

Now there are more than 1,000 cities in Russia, including about 70 in Eastern Siberia. More than 95 million people live in cities. (about 70% of the country's population).

All cities are conditionally divided into small (up to 50 thousand inhabitants), medium (from 50 to 100 thousand), large (from 100 to 250 thousand), large (from 250 to 500 thousand), largest (from 500 thousand). up to 1 million) and million-plus cities (over 1 million inhabitants).

How do cities arise? The history of cities goes back to antiquity. Their birth, prosperity and decline are associated with the economic development of a specific territory, with the development of the country's economy as a whole. New cities are formed and grow where certain economic and geographical conditions appear for this, and the corresponding prerequisites arise.

The city is a separate part of the regional socio-economic system. It cannot be viewed in isolation from the environment. It cannot arise and develop steadily without a corresponding socio-economic and historical necessity, in the absence of a city-forming idea and a material basis for its implementation. If the city has already emerged, then the loss of these factors will inevitably doom it to stagnation.


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The history of the first Siberian towns-forts is very indicative in this regard. During the development of Siberia, they were located mainly along the rivers (which served as the main communication routes in those years) and served as support bases when moving to the east. With the expansion of the borders of the Russian state to the Pacific Ocean, the need arose for the economic development of a huge new territory. This led to the emergence of new city-forming ideas and the decline of a number of previously flourishing cities. So, the famous Mangazeya disappeared without a trace, Narym, Turukhansk, Kirensk and some other once large settlements lost their former significance. But cities such as Omsk, Akmolinsk, Kostanay, Krasnoyarsk, Barnaul, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk, Vladivostok arose.